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Tutorial Membuat Kerangka Konsep Penelitian Menggunakan Draw.io

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Kerangka konsep merupakan elemen penting dalam penelitian yang berfungsi untuk menjelaskan hubungan antar variabel dan memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang alur penelitian. Dalam artikel ini, kami akan memberikan panduan langkah demi langkah untuk membuat kerangka konsep penelitian menggunakan Draw.io, sebuah aplikasi berbasis web yang mudah digunakan.

Langkah 1: Membuka Aplikasi Draw.io

Langkah pertama adalah membuka aplikasi Draw.io melalui browser Anda. Kunjungi situs resmi Draw.io di Klik Di Sini. Setelah itu, pilih opsi “Buat Diagram Baru” untuk memulai proyek baru. Anda dapat menyimpan file di perangkat lokal atau menggunakan integrasi dengan Google Drive atau Dropbox.

Langkah 2: Memilih Ukuran dan Layout Halaman

Setelah masuk ke editor Draw.io, Anda akan disuguhkan dengan halaman kerja. Pada panel sebelah kanan, Anda dapat mengatur ukuran dan orientasi halaman sesuai kebutuhan. Pilih ukuran kertas A4 agar mudah dicetak, dan tentukan orientasi halaman, apakah potret (portrait) atau lanskap (landscape).

Langkah 3: Menambahkan Komponen Diagram

  1. Menambahkan Kotak Teks: Pada panel sebelah kiri, pilih bentuk persegi panjang untuk mewakili variabel atau elemen yang akan dijelaskan dalam penelitian. Klik dan seret bentuk tersebut ke halaman kerja.
  2. Memberi Nama Variabel: Setelah bentuk persegi panjang ditambahkan, klik dua kali untuk memasukkan teks. Misalnya, masukkan “Epinefrin” pada kotak pertama untuk menggambarkan variabel penelitian.
  3. Menyusun Variabel: Tambahkan lebih banyak kotak untuk variabel lainnya, seperti “Reseptor Adrenergik” dan “Aktivasi Pensinyalan Intraseluler”.

Langkah 4: Menghubungkan Elemen

Gunakan panah untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara variabel. Berikut adalah langkah-langkahnya:

  • Klik pada salah satu titik koneksi di kotak “Epinefrin”.
  • Seret panah ke kotak “Reseptor Adrenergik”.
  • Lakukan hal yang sama untuk menghubungkan “Reseptor Adrenergik” ke “Aktivasi Pensinyalan Intraseluler”.

Hubungan ini menggambarkan alur logis dari mekanisme yang diteliti, yaitu bagaimana epinefrin berinteraksi dengan reseptor adrenergik, yang kemudian memicu aktivasi pensinyalan intraseluler.

Langkah 5: Menyesuaikan Tampilan

Agar diagram terlihat lebih menarik dan informatif, lakukan penyesuaian berikut:

  • Mengubah Warna: Klik pada elemen yang ingin Anda ubah, lalu pilih warna yang sesuai dari panel gaya di sebelah kanan.
  • Mengatur Ukuran Font: Sesuaikan ukuran font agar teks mudah dibaca.
  • Menambahkan Judul Diagram: Tambahkan teks di atas diagram untuk memberikan judul, seperti “Kerangka Konsep Penelitian”.

Langkah 6: Menyimpan dan Mengekspor Diagram

Setelah selesai membuat diagram, simpan proyek Anda dengan mengklik ikon disk di pojok kanan atas. Anda dapat menyimpan dalam format .drawio untuk diedit kembali di masa depan. Selain itu, Anda juga dapat mengekspor diagram sebagai file gambar (PNG atau JPEG) atau file PDF untuk kebutuhan presentasi atau laporan.

Contoh Penerapan

Gambar di atas menunjukkan contoh kerangka konsep yang dibuat di Draw.io. Diagram tersebut memvisualisasikan alur mekanisme epinefrin dalam mengaktivasi reseptor adrenergik, yang kemudian memicu pensinyalan intraseluler. Diagram ini dapat digunakan sebagai kerangka dasar dalam penelitian Teknologi Laboratorium Medis.

Kelebihan Menggunakan Draw.io

  1. Gratis dan Mudah Diakses: Draw.io dapat digunakan secara gratis tanpa perlu instalasi software tambahan.
  2. Fleksibilitas Format: Diagram yang dibuat dapat diekspor dalam berbagai format file.
  3. Antarmuka yang Intuitif: Fitur drag-and-drop memudahkan pengguna untuk membuat diagram dengan cepat.

Kesimpulan

Draw.io adalah alat yang sangat berguna untuk membuat kerangka konsep penelitian. Dengan antarmuka yang mudah dipahami dan fitur yang lengkap, Anda dapat memvisualisasikan alur penelitian Anda dengan lebih profesional. Semoga tutorial ini membantu Anda dalam menyusun kerangka konsep yang jelas dan informatif.

Bajakah Roots to Lipolysis Activity

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Abstract

Modulating the nucleotide cycle signaling of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) can facilitate thermogenesis. When it comes to obesity therapy, utilizing herbs as part of non-pharmacological treatment methods is highly recommended due to the lower risks involved compared to pharmacological methods. Bajakah root, a typical plant found in West Kalimantan, also known by its Latin name, Spatholobus littoralis Hassk (S. littoralis Hassk), is currently being extensively researched. Isorhynchophylline and rhynchophylline are common alkaloids found in S. littoralis Hassk. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of these two alkaloids through an in silico approach. Chem3D Pro software was used to prepare ligands with energy conformations for accurate docking results via AutoDock Vina software. The visualization was carried out in Biovia Discovery Studio. The lowest binding energy values were obtained for the PDE4C isoform, with values of -9.14, -7.61, and -5.61 kcal/mol, respectively. The interaction between isorhynchophylline and PDE4C had the lowest binding energy. In silico studies suggest that two alkaloid components, isorhynchophylline and rhynchophylline, found in S. littoralis Hassk have the potential to increase lipolysis activity.

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Biofilm Management Review

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Despite numerous available agents claiming anti-biofilm properties on wounds, the substantiating evidence remains inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the immediate impact of topical wound treatments on wound biofilm and healing outcomes in acute and chronic ulcers. We comprehensively searched PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar. In addition, eligible gray literature was incorporated. English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational, cohort, and case-control studies targeting biofilm prevention, inhibition, or elimination across diverse wound types were included. Primary outcomes included biofilm presence and elimination, supplemented by secondary outcomes encompassing reduced wound size, complete closure, and diminished infection indicators. Bacterial load reduction and biofilm presence were also assessed. Twenty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Various modalities were identified, including biofilm-visualization techniques, such as wound blotting and handheld autofluorescence imaging. Pooled analysis for the primary outcomes was infeasible due to limited eligible studies and data-reporting challenges. As for the secondary outcomes, the pooled analysis for complete surgical wound closure (2 RCTs, yielding n=284) and presence of surgical site infections/inflammation (2 RCTs, yielding n=284) showed no significant difference, with a log odds ratio (LOD) of 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −.33, 1.50) and LOD −0.95 (95% CI: −3.54, 1.64; τ2 = 2.32, Q = 2.71, P = .10), respectively. Our findings suggest insufficient evidence to support anti-biofilm claims of topical modalities. Clinicians’ skill appears to play a pivotal role in biofilm elimination and wound healing enhancement, with potential optimization through visual-guided techniques, such as wound blotting and autofluorescence imaging. More rigorous clinical trials are warranted to ascertain the efficacy of these techniques.

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A Combination of Caffeine and Alpha Lipoic Acid as the Diabetes Therapy

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Effects of Caffeine mixed with Alpha Lipoic Acid in Preventing Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Rats: In Silico and In vivo Study

Khoirul Rista Abidin, Andreanyta Meliala, Sri Lestari Sulistyo Rini

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of caffeine and Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on oxidative stress, due to chronic hyperglycemia, in a model of diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) (in silico and in vivo approaches).
Material and Methods: This In silico study investigated the interaction between caffeine and ALA against insulin receptors and enzymes of Glutathione Peroksidase-1 (GPx-1), with molecular docking. Male, Wistar rats were included using a quasi-experimental research design, with post-test only and a control group (in vivo). This study measured the end result of a 6-week-induction on body weight, fasting blood glucose, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and GPx-1 enzyme from 25 rats.
Results: Molecular docking found the interactions of caffeine and GPx-1 consisting of an energy bond of -5,06 kcal/mol, hydrogen and hydrophobic bond. Additionally, it showed the interaction of ALA and
GPx-1 containing an energy bond of -5.16 kcal/mol, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity. However, there were
no significant difference in body weight, fasting blood glucose, MDA and GPx-1 levels of the ALA-caffeinated diabetic rats compared to diabetic rats.
Conclusion: Caffeine and ALA have the potential to activate GPx-1 enzymes (in silico study). However, the use of a caffeine and ALA combination resulted in no significant difference in fasting blood glucose and oxidative stress conditions when compared to diabetic rats without additional induction (in vivo study).

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Mitragyna speciosa as Lipolysis Stimulator

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Backgrounds: Mitragynine is the most popular of the more than 50 alkaloids contained in M.Speciosa. In particular, the Mitragynine alkaloid has the potential to increase lipid (fats) metabolism through specific pathways such as adenylyl cyclase signaling via adrenergic receptors. In this case, Asp Amino acid and Ser are the types of residues that can activate adenylyl cyclase to initiate a series of activities in cells. Methods: This study used Mitragynine ligand and adrenergic receptors (α1b, α2a, α2b, α2c dan β1). The receptor candidates were tested using Autodock whose test results were presented in the form of tables and 3-dimensional images using the Biovia Discovery Studio. Results: Hydrogen bonds were formed between Mitragynine and the amino acids Asp and Ser at the β1-adrenergic receptor. The binding amino acids were found in Ser20 and Asp21 with energy bond of -5.26 kcal/mol and IC50: 111.35 ppm. Meanwhile, at the adrenergic receptor α2b there was only Asp residue that formed hydrogen bond with Mitragynine namely Asp218A. The energy bond formed between the two was -5.19 kcal/mol and IC50: 125.04 ppm. Conclusion: Mitragynine has the potential to stimulate lipolysis through the pathways of α2b and β1-adrenergic receptors.

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